Critical Reading Of James Joyce Ulysses English Literature Essay

Critical Reading Of James Joyce Ulysses English Literature Essay James Joyces Ulysses, is generally regarded as a modernist novel. At the time when Joyce was: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦writing Ulysses he had set himself the task of writing a book from eighteen different points of view and in as many styles  [1]  . Historically, modernism is frequently linked with the rise of industrialization. The basic conflict was that modern life was different than the life of the past. Peoples lives had become increasingly complex at the time, and they were forced to play a number of different societal roles, the result was that life came to be fragmented and disjointed. In the modern world, language was being stressed upon as people tried to identify with one another. This essay will determine the modernistic ideas that James Joyces Ulysses presents, and the relation of it with Homers Odyssey. The essay will focus on the literary devices Joyce uses in his writing, and the effect of them on the readers and characters within the stories. In Ulysses, Leopold Bloom corresponds to Odysseus, however it is not easy to just read the story as a re make of the Odyssey as Leopold Bloom also corresponds to Leopold Bloom. Ulysses is in fact a particularly realistic novel, and Joyce makes sure he does not let the storyline be forced upon by allegory. Joyce turns a normal day in a mans life into a heroic tale by opening and analyzing his inner thoughts in depth. He attempts to bring in the motion of the story beginning with the sphere of conflict, and swiftly moving to the sphere of the mentality. There are many differences than similarities in the two stories of Ulysses and The Odyssey. While Odysseus goes from place to place, Joyce goes from style to style  [2]  . In many ways, Telemachus is simply a less formed version of Odysseus. He is shown to be a tad misogynist, while Odysseus is in many ways more womanly. He possesses several traits which only Homers female characters share, and he identifies with women in a way that no one else can, mainly with Penelope. In the Odyssey, Telemachus, the son of the hero Odysseus, grows up in a world of greed and disregard; he is one of the most significant characters throughout the whole story. During Telemachus journey to search for the news of his father, he is shown going through the development of growing up as an adult. From the start of the text he is conveyed as a simple silhouette of his father, however towards the end he is shown to become more like his father in terms of compassion and initiative. Although he comes into his adolescence at the beginning of the book, growing up without a father still makes Telmachus to some extent wretched without initiative. Telemachus was evidently younger than Odysseus, and he had less patience. Odysseus however, being older, had a more knowledgeable outlook to most things therefore he knew he had time. Telemachus is the first to attack without a thought, whereas Odysseus thought hard through his attack, and was better at protecting himself. There are many similarities and differences between both characters. Ulysses is a book in which countless characters are brought out and developed through a number of disparate ways. The most momentous development that occurs in the story is the development of Telemachus. Joyce illustrates his character as an incredibly complex person, and continues to develop his personality from beginning to end int he story.  At the start of the text he is shown to be a mere shadow of his father whereas towards the end he is considered just as audacious as his father use to be. Many factors influence Telemachus as he grows into a man, his name signifies far from battle,  this name in many ways can be seen and revealed to be ironic in the book as T elemachus ends by taking part in two battles. Not having any fatherly figure in his life as a child persistently affects Telemachus character in the book.   He develops into an apprehensive, withdrawn and weak individual who is to the uppermost scale spoiled by his one and only mother.   A number of literary techniques are evidently used in Telemachus. It is shown to be a journey of manhood, which through the use of a various number of literal devices transmits the significance of a respective society. The story is a narrative poem which presents us the readers with a traditional journey that the character undergoes. Joyce uses the method of using the flashback technique in order to portray readers when there is a change in the setting or when there is a change in the time frame. This technique is widely used by authors in modern day society to illustrate a surprising yet easier to understand storyline. The imperative change on the chain of events that takes place in the text adds to the complexity of the story. When this method is used it gives us the readers the power of time travel, allowing us to view events out of their given time structure. Flashbacks in many ways can help to make the story more interesting and help draw the reader in. They are normally used to give us the readers a better view and understanding of the overall story. Important information about the protagonists and elements of the story are revealed to the reader through the use of flashbacks. Homer makes use of this device in The Odyssey when King Nestor repeats the story of the Trojan War. This flashback in particular allows readers to grasp and identify with the character of Odysseus. This method is also used to tell the story of Odysseuss adventures as he fought his way home through a various number obstacles. The structure of the story is a narrative poem; it presents the storyline in a style which proves to be very flexible. This type of literary constitution allows for a difficult or even a straight forward poem to be either long or short. Narrative poems are normally passed down to the next generation by the continuous retelling of stories. Children in todays society grow up hearing different stories as a tradition; they then pass those stories down to their own children. Joyce presents his, stylistic diversityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦towards the truthful depiction of reality  [3]  . The Odyssey on the other hand, is a story in structure of a classical journey, the male protagonist in the story is shown to be on a mission suffering from encounters with supernatural beings, consisting of monsters and gods. Repetition is also a technique which is used in Ulysses to emphasize the descriptions, dialogues, and verbal communications in the story. The fact that repetition is used allows the story to be much easier told. By only having one narrative in the story really cuts down on the amount of things that need to be remembered by the readers. It also provides itself as a benchmark style that helps the narrator act it out, or even improvise on the spot. The use of repetition helps add to the exhilarating effect of the story. Repeating certain things over and over again allows readers to be familiar with the repetition and what is going on. When this repetition is presented, our minds as the readers begin to wander leaving our thoughts and imaginations open for submission. The Odyssey is a text that makes use of similar passages; however the main repetition Homer uses is in the portrayals of the images presented in the text. For example, Pallas Athena is continuously referred to in relation t o her eyes. She is usually referred to as the beautiful eyed goddess. In this case reiteration is used in order to highlight a specific point that Homer tries to put across about her character. The Odyssey makes use of brutal imagery to convey the theme of reprisal. This staggering imagery in reality catches the readers interest and is a great means of expression for the theme of revenge. In conclusion Joyce uses different characters in order to bring out a more modernist meaning and feel to his story. It is clear to identify the differences and similarities both Ulysses and The Odyssey possess, Joyce tries to convey a new adaptation by altering and modifying his characters, whereas Homers Odyssey exists only in the past. Joyce evidently brings out a more modernistic experience and surrounding to the text in order to relate it to the modern world, this therefore allows readers to relate to it and allows it exist in a more contemporary world. The literary devices Joyce chooses to use create enigmatic and realistic settings to his story, he specifically uses for example techniques such as flashbacks, and repetition in order to bring across a captivating setting by leaving an attractive impression on the readers. Word: 1646

The West in Film Essay -- Movies Native Americans Papers

The depiction of minorities, specifically women and Native Americans, in Western film has changed drastically from the early 1930's to the late 1980's. These changes represent the changing views of American society in general throughout the 20th century. In the early part of the century, women and Native Americans were depicted as a burden. Women were viewed as a form of property, helpless and needing support. These minorities were obstacles in the quest for manifest destiny by the United States. Western films during the early 20th century represent the ignorance of American culture towards minorities. As time progressed, society began to develop compassion for Native Americans and men began to see women as equals. The movie industry perpetuated the views of society throughout the last century. When Native Americans were seen as an "obstacle" in westward expansion, film directors supported these views on screen. As society began to question the treatment of Native Americans and women, the film scripts responded to these changes. By looking at western films over the last 60 years, the correlation between societal attitudes and film plots has changed the views of Native Americans and women. The two have worked together to bring the portrayal of Native Americans from savage beasts to victims, and women from property to equals. In the 1930's Native Americans and women were viewed as inferior races. The films produced during the early part of the 20th century, particularly those starring John Wayne reflected these societal attitudes. The portrayal of minorities in Stagecoach and Fort Apache clearly reflect the views of society at that time. The depiction of the West is similar to that which is found in old history textbooks, em... ...th the first westward expansion and the oppression of women lasted until the 1950's. However, it took American film produces until the 1990's to create roles for these minorities that were equal to those of white males. The depiction of minorities in western films, particularly women and Native Americans, has made significant progress from the 1930's and this progress has trickled into the teaching of history, particularly western expansion. Textbooks that used to emphasis the triumph and dominance of the United States over Native Americans, are now explaining expansion with less pride and more guilt. Women who played significant roles in society used to be ignored by history books, and are now included in almost every chapter. The progressive movements made by the film industry and society are allowing for Americans to look at the west in a new, enlightened manner.

Culture of Portugal

The country of Portugal has many rich cultural facets in food, music and sports. Situated on the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula that it shares with Spain, Portugal’s culture was shaped by the influences from the Latin, Visigoth and Muslim cultures. Many men in Portugal go into the Atlantic to catch fish while the women are homebound doing chores like house work or cleaning the fish. The men are the bread winners while the women are the housewives who take care of the home. The kids are free to make their own decisions outside of their home. It is mandatory for children to go to school until 6th grade but after that they are free to choose to carry on in school or help out in the working society. Even though the children have freedom outside their homes, it is within the culture for children to not leave the house until married and have their own children because of the strong family ties. Divorce was not an option in Portugal for many years. After the revolution of 1974, divorce was finally allowed into the Portuguese culture dominated by the Roman Catholic religion. Portugal has been known to be a very homogenous society over the years with mainly one language and one religion, Portuguese and Roman Catholic respectively. The Do’s and Don’ts of the Portuguese Culture are quite simple but different from the way of life that we know here in the States. For example: each time you meet someone new, you take time to get to know them; do not use first names unless you know them very well, the Portuguese have a lot of respect for academic titles for doctors and engineers and are addressed accordingly; upon meeting for the first time, the Portuguese can be quite reserved and formal if they do not know you well; don’t write in red because it is considered rude; if invited to someone’s house, do bring flowers; do not stretch in public because it is also rude; tip taxis 10% on each ride and by just using common sense and smiling at all times you will not go far wrong. The food of Portugal Varies by the region you visit. In the north, there is caldo verde and sardines. Caldo verde is a type of kale & potato soup flavored with a spicy sausage. This soup is eaten with broa, which is a grainy corn bread with thick crust. The traditional wine that goes with this food in this region would be the vinho verde. This is a young wine made from grapes that grow on arbors that often serve as property markers. In the northeastern region a popular dish is the Tras o Montes, which is fresh and cured pork used in many meals. A stew consisted of mixed meats and vegetables called cozida a portuguesa originated in this region has become a national dish. In central Portugal Cheeses are a very important part of the meal and fish like octopus, squid and eel. And finally in the south, a soup called gazpacho with bread and smoked pork. Overall as a nation, Bacalhau, or codfish, has been the most popular fish sine the 15th century. The Bacalhau croquettes are popular appetizers and for dessert cinnamon on top of rice pudding. Port wine which is the symbol of the city Porto, is a major export and is only used in rural households during ceremonial occasions or offered to celebrated guests. The annual killing and preserving of the pig is an important ceremony in the culture of Portugal. The event which last two days, usually occurs in late December or January. This process involves making sausage, smoking ham and salting other parts of the pig, including the stomach area. On the first day of this celebration called Sarrabulho, the noon meal consists of rice, innards and the blood of the pig. The country of Portugal observes fourteen holidays throughout the calendar year. The major days include the following: Freedom day (25th April), day that Portugal went from a dictatorship to a democracy in 1974; Portugal day (10th June), celebrates 16th century epic poem that brought fame and fortune to Portugal; Assumption (15th August), day Mary was taken into heaven; restoration of independence (1st December), celebrates the end of the Iberian Union. Many of their holidays fall are shared and fall on the same days as the US holidays like new years day, Good Friday, Easter, Labor Day and Christmas day. Clothing is a huge essential aspect of the culture in Portugal. The people of Portugal are very particular about their clothing attire and dressing styles. Like in many countries clothing ranges from the modern to traditional dressing patterns. The clothing industry plays a very important role in the economy of the country. The clothing ranges from the urban to the rural region. Usually the city people are extremely well dressed. They bear the resemblance of the western influence with western pattern clothing. In the rural areas, clothing is in tune with the traditional pattern of dressing. Men’s traditional outfits include stocking caps, berets that are teamed with trousers and baggy shirts. Women wear black shawls and long dresses. Black or dark colors are usually worn for carrying out daily chores, however brightly hued clothing is usually worn on special occasions. The music of Portugal was influenced by Ancient Rome’s traditions. The genres music include classical to popular. The history of the music can be divided into music production from the middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, and Romantic and Modern times. The music in Portugal offers a rich history and privileged geographical location which despite its European roots, reflects the intercontinental interactions with Portuguese discoveries. Despite all the rich culture in music, Portugal and more specifically the city of Lisbon is better known for the birth place of Fado. Fado is a melancholy urban genre of music that was believed to date back to the 15th century when it was believed that women would cry for the longing of their husbands who sailed the seas. Even though Arabs left the region in the 13th century, the instruments like the Portuguese guitar have Arabic imprints that are heavily used in the singing of Fado. In the year 1939, Fado became an international popular genre with Amalia Rodrigues. A Singer and actress, she made stylistic adjustments to Fado that have made her the most influential fadista of all time. Amalia Rodrigues revived the Fado tradition. She was followed by many new, young musicians who have contributed to the social/political revival of the music adapting and blending it with new trends. The new artists walk a fine line of adapting and carrying the old traditions while trying to bring in a new audience. Portugal takes a huge liking to the most popular sport in the world, football. Three major clubs that come out of Portugal are Sporting and Benfica both in Lisbon; and FC Porto based in Porto. The big three as they are known in Portugal not only compete in football but also in basketball, handball, futsal and volleyball. The Portuguese national team is one of the finest in Europe and the world and it evokes tremendous passion on its people. In studies it was proven that during the days of the National team games held throughout Portugal while hosting the Euro 2004 Championships, heart attacks increased by 46% for males with cardiovascular problems. With past players like Eusebio, Figo and now Christiano Ronaldo, Portugal has produced some of the best world class players in the game. Bullfighting is another popular sport. Unlike their Spanish compatriots, the Portuguese do not kill the bulls in the ring. The bullfighters come out usually dressed in an 18th century style coat and three-cornered hat. The horns of the bull are sheathed to protect the horse. The bullfighter, which is always on the horse, is followed by Forcados who are young men that take on the bull bare handed. And finally since Portugal is situated along the Atlantic Ocean, it is a popular destination for aquatic activities. It has become over the years a center for the activities the long seacoast and mild climate make for popular sailing, surfboarding and scuba diving. From the early 1990’s the Portuguese entrepreneurs along with the tourist board have heavily promoted the coastline for these popular sports and have been a revelation for the economy. From it’s vast array of food, including the ever so popular Bacalhau, to it’s most cherished music in Fado; Portugal has a unique mixture of cultural brilliance that’s sets it apart from it’s neighbor Spain and, for that matter, any country in Europe. With its pleasant climate along the coastline, it is not a surprise that they are hosts to many aquatic activities and produce a fine wine in Port. With Football being the hands down most popular sport in the country that drives the passion of the people, there is also an uprising of other sports through the big three clubs (Sporting, Benfica and Porto). Most importantly, family values and the cultures they create for the country of Portugal is still the core to most of the society who continue to live and have deep roots in their society modeled by their Catholic faith. References http://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Portugal.html https://www.britannica.com/place/Portugal http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal

Introduction to the French Imperative Mood

Introduction to the French Imperative Mood   The imperative, called limpà ©ratif in French, is a verb mood which is used to: give an orderexpress a desiremake a requestoffer advicerecommend something Unlike all other French verb tenses and personal moods, the subject pronoun is not used with the imperative: Fermez la porte.Close the door. Mangeons maintenant.Lets eat now.Ayez la bontà © de mattendre.Please wait for me. Veuillez mexcuser.Please excuse me. The above are called affirmative commands, because they are telling someone to do something. Negative commands, which tell someone not to do something, are made by placing ne in front of the verb and the appropriate negative adverb after the verb: Ne parle pas!Dont speak! Noublions pas les livres.Lets not forget the books. Nayez jamais peur.Never be afraid. The imperative is not the only way to tell someone what to do in French - its how you give orders in French. French imperative conjugations are relatively simple. There are only three grammatical persons that can be used in the imperative:  tu,  nous, and  vous, and most of the conjugations are the same as the present tense - the only difference is that the  subject pronoun  is not used in the imperative. -ER Verbs Imperative Mood Conjugations   -ER verbs  (regular, stem-changing,  spelling change, and irregular): The imperative conjugations for  nous  and  vous  are the same as the present indicative, and the  tu  form of the imperative is the indicative minus the  final s:parler(tu) parle(nous) parlons(vous) parlezlever(tu) là ¨ve(nous) levons(vous) levezaller(tu) va(nous) allons(vous) allezVerbs which are conjugated like -ER verbs (meaning that in the indicative the  tu  form ends in -es), such as  ouvrir  and  souffrir, follow the same rules as -ER verbs.ouvrir(tu) ouvre(nous) ouvrons(vous) ouvrez -IR and -RE Verbs Imperative Mood Conjugations   -IR verbs  and  -RE verbs: The imperative conjugations for all regular and most* irregular -IR and -RE verbs are the same as the present indicative conjugations.finir(tu) finis(nous) finissons(vous) finissezattendre(tu) attends(nous) attendons(vous) attendezfaire(tu) fais(nous) faisons(vous) faites*Except for verbs conjugated like -ER verbs and the following four irregular imperative verbs:avoir(tu) aie(nous) ayons(vous) ayezà ªtre(tu) sois(nous) soyons(vous) soyezsavoir(tu) sache(nous) sachons(vous) sachezvouloir(tu) veuille(nous) n/a(vous) veuillez Negative Imperatives The order of words in a French sentence can be very confusing due to affirmative and negative imperative constructions and object and adverbial pronouns. Remember that there are two kinds of imperatives, affirmative and negative, and the word order is different for each of them. Negative imperatives are  easier  because their  word order  is the same as that of  all other simple verb conjugations: any object, reflexive, and/or adverbial pronouns precede the verb and the  negative structure  surrounds the pronoun(s) verb:Finis!  - Finish!Ne finis  pas!  - Dont finish!Ne le finis  pas!  - Dont finish it!Lisez!  - Read!Ne  lisez  pas!  - Dont read!Ne le  lisez  pas!  - Dont read it!Ne me le  lisez  pas!  - Dont read it to me! Affirmative Commands Affirmative commands are more complicated, for several reasons. 1.  The word order is for affirmative commands is different from that of all other verb tenses/moods: any pronouns follow the verb and are connected to it and to each other with  hyphens.Finis-le!  - Finish it!Allons-y!  - Lets go!Mangez-les!  - Eat them!Donne-lui-en!  - Give him some!2.  The order of the pronouns in affirmative commands is slightly different from all other verb tenses/moods (see table at the bottom of the page):Envoie-le-nous!  - Send it to us!Expliquons-la-leur!  - Lets explain it to them!Donnez-nous-en!  - Give us some!Donne-le-moi!  - Give it to me!3.  The pronouns  me  and  te  change to the  stressed pronouns  moi  and  toi...Là ¨ve-toi!  - Get up!Parlez-moi!  - Talk to me!Dis-moi!  - Tell me!...unless they are followed by  y or en, in which case they  contract  to  m  and  tVa-ten!  - Go away!Faites-my  penser.  - Remind me about it.4.  When a  tu  command is followed by the pronouns  y o r en, the final s is not dropped from the verb conjugation:Vas-y!  - Go away!Parles-en.  - Talk about it.

Position on Cloning essays

Position on Cloning essays According to the American Heritage Dictionary, cloning is to make multiple identical copies of a DNA sequence, to reproduce or propagate asexually. A clone is a group of genetically identical cells descended from a single common ancestor, such as a bacterial colony whose members arose from a single original cell as a result of binary fission. The process of cloning has challenged every mind in the world. Is it right to make a human being from the cells of another? In this paper I plan to discuss the ethical, moral, religious, and humorous views on cloning. I was a little confused on how a clone is made, so I will also discuss that. Are we playing God by believing that we have the right to manipulate nature in such a manner that we are actually bringing new lives into the world? At the conclusion of my paper I hope that you will be able to make an educated decision about your views on cloning. It all started when Ian made a lamb. Ian Wilmut removed an udder cell from a 6-year-old Finn Dorset ewe and reproduced the cell within the means of the law. He placed one of the resulting udder cells in a bath of chemicals, forcing it into suspended animation. This step ensured that the cells deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) would keep working after the transplant. An immature egg cell was removed from a second sheep, this one a Scottish blackface ewe. A needle was used to take out the eggs nucleus, where DNA is stored. The egg cell and the udder cell were placed next to each other and then given a jolt of electricity, causing them to fuse. The electricity also prompted the fused cell to start dividing, forming an embryo. After six days, the embryo was transferred to the womb of yet another Scottish blackface ewe. Five months later, in July 1996, a Finn Dorset named Dolly, undoubtedly now the worlds best-known sheep, was born. (Herbert, Wray et al) The recent successful cloning of an adult sheep,...

Relevant furniture piece or other interior design element in the Assignment

Relevant furniture piece or other interior design element in the Victorian period (1850-1890) - Assignment Example He acquired the idea of decorating the Armoire from his mother. The above piece of furniture had an approximated cost of thirty four thousand dollars (Online Garallies, p.1). The Fine Armoire above has a lot of significance to the Victorian period. Among its importance, include; it provide an inspiration of the fine arts that were being produced during the Victorian period. It also provides other designers a fundamental basis for their design given that the idea was invented earlier. The furniture above help to encourage innovation and creativity among the designers of the current era. The Fine Armoire is significant because it indicates the type of materials that were used by the designers during that period. It also provide an important reference of what the previous artist used to do during the Victorian period (Online Garallies,

Health Care Reform Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Health Care Reform - Research Paper Example The contention was supported by authors Siegel, Mead and Burke (2008) who revealed an analogous argument in the rising costs of health care services coupled with the increasing number of Americans who are uninsured. B. Reality of Health Care in the US The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) emphasized that â€Å"some  47 million U.S. residents have no health insurance, and the numbers keep growing† (AFL-CIO, 2011). In view of this, the current administration has enacted the Affordable Care Act that envisions implementing â€Å"comprehensive health insurance reforms that will hold insurance companies more accountable, lower health care costs, guarantee more health care choices, and enhance the quality of health care for all American† (USDHHS: Health Care, n.d,). C. ... rage through the following strategies, to wit: â€Å"(1) sets up a new competitive private health insurance market; (2) holds insurance companies accountable; and (3) puts our budget and economy on a more stable path† (USDHHS: Health Care, n.d., pars. 6 to 8). Section 2: The History and the Evolution of the Issue in Health Care The major issues in health care that significantly traced its historical evolution are sourced from The Henry J. Kaiser Family of Foundation (2011) and enumerated herewith, as follows: 1965 President Lyndon Johnson Lyndon enacted legislation which introduced Medicare covering both hospital and general medical insurance for senior citizens paid for by a Federal employment tax over the working life of the retiree, and Medicaid permitted the Federal government to partially fund a program for the poor, with the program managed and co-financed by the individual states. 1985 The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA) amended the Employ ee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to give some employees the ability to continue health insurance coverage after leaving employment. 1997 The State Children's Health Insurance Program, or SCHIP, was established by the federal government in 1997 to provide health insurance to children in families at or below 200 percent of the federal poverty line. 2010 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Patient Protection is enacted by President Barack Obama providing for the phased introduction over four years of a comprehensive system of mandated health insurance with reforms designed to eliminate "some of the worst practices of the insurance companies" — pre-condition screening and premium loadings, policy rescinds on technicalities when illness seems imminent, lifetime and annual